![]() During Neolithic and Protohistory, they consisted of a slab or saddle quern, on which a smaller rubbing stone was implemented (Hamon, 2008). ![]() From the Late Iron Age onwards and in the Roman period, the hand mill was operated by rotary movement (Jaccottey et al., 2013 Wefers, 2011): it was used by each household and consisted of two overlapping circular stones: the catillus (running upper quern) and the meta (stationary lower quern). The latter objects, and particularly the grain millstones, have the great advantage of being most resistant to weathering, hence they have high preservation potential (Delgado-Raack et al., 2009 Picavet et al., 2011 Gomart et al.Īt the same time and from the 1 st century AD onwards, the development of hydraulic and animal geared mills in northern Gaul clearly demonstrates the technical progress that characterizes Europe and the Mediterranean Basin during Antiquity (Garcia & Meeks, 1997).ĢWith the development of preventive archaeology in Western Europe during the last decades, archaeological excavations have exponentially multiplied, providing an increasingly documented dataset of stone tools (grindstones, whetstones, axes, millstones, mortars…). Numerous fragments of small querns and larger millstones have been found on archaeological sites, providing new information on the history of domestic, craft and trade practices that were part of socio-economic systems of the Ancient World. ![]() One way to reconstruct the latter systems is to analyse trade routes via the distribution of stone products (Santi et al., 2014 Clarkson & Bellas, 2014 Berrocal-Rangel et al., 2016 Turmel et al. Our research project involves a team of geologists and archaeologists (e.g. ![]()
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